Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant brain tumour commonly affecting adults, with a higher incidence in men. Originating from astrocytes, it can spread within the brain and occasionally to other body parts. Despite treatment efforts such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and clinical trials, it remains incurable. These treatments aim to slow tumour growth and alleviate symptoms.

Glioblastoma is among the most fatal and complex cancers, with causes including ageing, radiation exposure, and family history. Its exact cause remains unknown. Common symptoms of glioblastoma include severe morning headaches, nausea, vomiting, cognitive and behavioural changes, memory loss, vision problems, speech difficulties, seizures, loss of appetite, muscle weakness, and numbness.

Exposure to certain chemicals, like pesticides and petroleum, increases the risk. Glioblastoma can also be hereditary. It is classified into grades 1 to 4 based on aggressiveness, with grade 4 tumours growing rapidly on glial cells, known as primary glioblastoma multiforme, while grade 1 tumours progress slowly, referred to as secondary glioblastoma multiforme.